sse.py

"""
SSE Server Transport Module

This module implements a Server-Sent Events (SSE) transport layer for MCP servers.

Example usage:
```
    # Create an SSE transport at an endpoint
    sse = SseServerTransport("/messages/")

    # Create Starlette routes for SSE and message handling
    routes = [
        Mount("/sse", app=handle_sse),
        Mount("/messages/", app=sse.handle_post_message),
    ]

    # Define handler functions
    async def handle_sse(scope, receive, send):
        async with sse.connect_sse(scope, receive, send) as streams:
            await app.run(
                streams[0], streams[1], app.create_initialization_options()
            )

    # Create and run Starlette app
    starlette_app = Starlette(routes=routes)
    uvicorn.run(starlette_app, host="0.0.0.0", port=port)
```

Note: If you get a "TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable" error, 
you need to change from Route("/sse", endpoint=handle_sse) to 
Mount("/sse", app=handle_sse) and update the handle_sse signature to 
accept (scope, receive, send) instead of (request). See examples for details.

See SseServerTransport class documentation for more details.
"""

import logging
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from typing import Any
from urllib.parse import quote
from uuid import UUID, uuid4

import anyio
from anyio.streams.memory import MemoryObjectReceiveStream, MemoryObjectSendStream
from pydantic import ValidationError
from sse_starlette import EventSourceResponse
from starlette.requests import Request
from starlette.responses import Response
from starlette.types import Receive, Scope, Send

import mcp.types as types

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class SseServerTransport:
    """
    SSE server transport for MCP. This class provides _two_ ASGI applications,
    suitable to be used with a framework like Starlette and a server like Hypercorn:

        1. connect_sse() is an ASGI application which receives incoming GET requests,
           and sets up a new SSE stream to send server messages to the client.
        2. handle_post_message() is an ASGI application which receives incoming POST
           requests, which should contain client messages that link to a
           previously-established SSE session.
    """

    _endpoint: str
    _read_stream_writers: dict[
        UUID, MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]
    ]

    def __init__(self, endpoint: str) -> None:
        """
        Creates a new SSE server transport, which will direct the client to POST
        messages to the relative or absolute URL given.
        """

        super().__init__()
        self._endpoint = endpoint
        self._read_stream_writers = {}
        logger.debug(f"SseServerTransport initialized with endpoint: {endpoint}")

    @asynccontextmanager
    async def connect_sse(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send):
        if scope["type"] != "http":
            logger.error("connect_sse received non-HTTP request")
            raise ValueError("connect_sse can only handle HTTP requests")

        logger.debug("Setting up SSE connection")
        read_stream: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]
        read_stream_writer: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage | Exception]

        write_stream: MemoryObjectSendStream[types.JSONRPCMessage]
        write_stream_reader: MemoryObjectReceiveStream[types.JSONRPCMessage]

        read_stream_writer, read_stream = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)
        write_stream, write_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream(0)

        session_id = uuid4()
        session_uri = f"{quote(self._endpoint)}?session_id={session_id.hex}"
        self._read_stream_writers[session_id] = read_stream_writer
        logger.debug(f"Created new session with ID: {session_id}")

        sse_stream_writer, sse_stream_reader = anyio.create_memory_object_stream[
            dict[str, Any]
        ](0)

        async def sse_writer():
            logger.debug("Starting SSE writer")
            async with sse_stream_writer, write_stream_reader:
                await sse_stream_writer.send({"event": "endpoint", "data": session_uri})
                logger.debug(f"Sent endpoint event: {session_uri}")

                async for message in write_stream_reader:
                    logger.debug(f"Sending message via SSE: {message}")
                    await sse_stream_writer.send(
                        {
                            "event": "message",
                            "data": message.model_dump_json(
                                by_alias=True, exclude_none=True
                            ),
                        }
                    )

        async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg:
            async def response_wrapper(scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send):
                """
                The EventSourceResponse returning signals a client close / disconnect.
                In this case we close our side of the streams to signal the client that
                the connection has been closed.
                """
                await EventSourceResponse(
                    content=sse_stream_reader, data_sender_callable=sse_writer
                )(scope, receive, send)
                await read_stream_writer.aclose()
                await write_stream_reader.aclose()
                logging.debug(f"Client session disconnected {session_id}")

            logger.debug("Starting SSE response task")
            tg.start_soon(response_wrapper, scope, receive, send)

            logger.debug("Yielding read and write streams")
            yield (read_stream, write_stream)

    async def handle_post_message(
        self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send
    ) -> None:
        logger.debug("Handling POST message")
        request = Request(scope, receive)

        session_id_param = request.query_params.get("session_id")
        if session_id_param is None:
            logger.warning("Received request without session_id")
            response = Response("session_id is required", status_code=400)
            return await response(scope, receive, send)

        try:
            session_id = UUID(hex=session_id_param)
            logger.debug(f"Parsed session ID: {session_id}")
        except ValueError:
            logger.warning(f"Received invalid session ID: {session_id_param}")
            response = Response("Invalid session ID", status_code=400)
            return await response(scope, receive, send)

        writer = self._read_stream_writers.get(session_id)
        if not writer:
            logger.warning(f"Could not find session for ID: {session_id}")
            response = Response("Could not find session", status_code=404)
            return await response(scope, receive, send)

        body = await request.body()
        logger.debug(f"Received JSON: {body}")

        try:
            message = types.JSONRPCMessage.model_validate_json(body)
            logger.debug(f"Validated client message: {message}")
        except ValidationError as err:
            logger.error(f"Failed to parse message: {err}")
            response = Response("Could not parse message", status_code=400)
            await response(scope, receive, send)
            await writer.send(err)
            return

        logger.debug(f"Sending message to writer: {message}")
        response = Response("Accepted", status_code=202)
        await response(scope, receive, send)
        await writer.send(message)