Fix protocol schedule for devnets

[daniellehrner]

PR description

Introduces a hard fork id into the protocol schedule and keeps track of all the hardforks in the genesis file. This allows correct checks in the engine API if certain hardforks have already occured or not.

Fixed Issue(s)

fixes #7413

Testing

After running ./gradlew distDocker the PR can be tested with the following Kurtosis config:

participants:
  - el_type: besu
    el_image: hyperledger/besu:24.8-develop-6fd65ec
    cl_type: teku
    cl_image: ethpandaops/teku:master
    count: 1
  - el_type: besu
    el_image: hyperledger/besu:24.8-develop-6fd65ec
    cl_type: nimbus
    cl_image: statusim/nimbus-eth2:amd64-latest
    count: 1
network_params:
  electra_fork_epoch: 1
  min_validator_withdrawability_delay: 1
  shard_committee_period: 1
additional_services:
  - dora
snooper_enabled: true

To get the log output of the Besu instances in Kurtosis use:

# 1. instance
docker logs `docker ps | grep besu: | sed -n 1p | cut -d " " -f1`

# 2. instance
docker logs `docker ps | grep besu: | sed -n 2p | cut -d " " -f1`

Thanks for sending a pull request! Have you done the following?

• Checked out our contribution guidelines?
• Considered documentation and added the doc-change-required label to this PR if updates are required.
• Considered the changelog and included an update if required.
• For database changes (e.g. KeyValueSegmentIdentifier) considered compatibility and performed forwards and backwards compatibility tests

Locally, you can run these tests to catch failures early:

• unit tests: ./gradlew build
• acceptance tests: ./gradlew acceptanceTest
• integration tests: ./gradlew integrationTest
• reference tests: ./gradlew ethereum:referenceTests:referenceTests

[macfarla]

verified successful block production using kurtosis provided above.

2024-08-12 09:32:45.102+00:00 | vert.x-worker-thread-0 | INFO  | MergeCoordinator | Start building proposals for block 12 identified by 0x0342148f02e3e038
2024-08-12 09:32:57.048+00:00 | vert.x-worker-thread-0 | INFO  | AbstractEngineNewPayload | Imported #12 / 0 tx / 0 ws / 0 blobs / base fee 201.42 mwei / 0 (0.0%) gas / (0x1ca204099b11549a813a9b56087f5004098009da933184958a4deada23d89dab) in 0.002s. Peers: 1
2024-08-12 09:33:09.084+00:00 | vert.x-worker-thread-0 | INFO  | AbstractEngineNewPayload | Imported #13 / 0 tx / 0 ws / 0 blobs / base fee 176.24 mwei / 0 (0.0%) gas / (0xcae3e37b14b0b76d35add2702165a652ba6222fe8ddd2680eb53ee424a6e92e0) in 0.002s. Peers: 1
2024-08-12 09:33:09.091+00:00 | vert.x-worker-thread-0 | INFO  | AbstractEngineForkchoiceUpdated | VALID for fork-choice-update: head: 0xcae3e37b14b0b76d35add2702165a652ba6222fe8ddd2680eb53ee424a6e92e0, finalized: 0x95cd143de892722f42572cb89308c9f055664ff613b01ec38a4fe9fed43a2d67, safeBlockHash: 0x95cd143de892722f42572cb89308c9f055664ff613b01ec38a4fe9fed43a2d67
2024-08-12 09:33:21.096+00:00 | vert.x-worker-thread-0 | INFO  | AbstractEngineNewPayload | Imported #14 / 0 tx / 0 ws / 0 blobs / base fee 154.21 mwei / 0 (0.0%) gas / (0x8cbd215ed19d6e2608a1203969c117582ad5c8a46898024bdea6695e0a7f2f22) in 0.001s. Peers: 1
2024-08-12 09:33:21.105+00:00 | vert.x-worker-thread-0 | INFO  | MergeCoordinator | Start building proposals for block 15 identified by 0x4f6c8d91ddcb8dec
2024-08-12 09:33:33.045+00:00 | vert.x-worker-thread-0 | INFO  | AbstractEngineNewPayload | Imported #15 / 0 tx / 0 ws / 0 blobs / base fee 134.93 mwei / 0 (0.0%) gas