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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: doc/source/heritage.rst
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========
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While Python was originally intended as an imperative language
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[Guido_], it contains all elements necessary to support a rich set of features
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[`Guido`_], it contains all elements necessary to support a rich set of features
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from the functional paradigm. In particular its core data structures, lazy
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iterators, and functions as first class objects can be combined to implement a
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common standard library of functions shared among many functional languages.
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This was first recognized and supported through the standard libraries
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itertools_ and functools_ which contain functions like ``permutations``,
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itertools_ and `functools`_ which contain functions like ``permutations``,
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``chain`` and ``partial`` to complement the standard ``map``, ``filter``,
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``reduce`` already found in the core language. While these libraries contain
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substantial functionality they do not achieve the same level of adoption found
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``groupby`` which often complement these core operations.
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A completion of this set of functions was first attempted in the projects
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itertoolz_ and functoolz_ (note the z). These libraries contained
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several functions that were absent in the standard itertools_/functools_
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`itertoolz`_ and `functoolz`_ (note the z). These libraries contained
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several functions that were absent in the standard itertools_ / `functools`_
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libraries. The ``itertoolz``/``functoolz`` libraries were eventually merged
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into the monolithic ``toolz`` project described here.
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Most contemporary functional languages (Haskell, Scala, Clojure, ...) contain
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some variation of the functions found in ``toolz``. The ``toolz`` project
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generally adheres closely to the API found in the Clojure standard library (see
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cheatsheet_) and where disagreements occur that API usually dominates. The
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`cheatsheet`_) and where disagreements occur that API usually dominates. The
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``toolz`` API is also strongly affected by the principles of the Python
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language itself, and often makes deviations in order to be more approachable to
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that community.
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The development of a functional standard library within a popular imperative
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language is not unique. Similar projects have arisen in other
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imperative-by-design languages that contain the necessary elements to support a
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functional standard library. Underscore.js_ in JavaScript has attained
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functional standard library. `Underscore.js <https://underscorejs.org>`_ in JavaScript has attained
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notable popularity in the web community. ``LINQ`` in C# follows a similar
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philosophy but mimics declarative database languages rather than functional
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ones. Enumerable_ is is the closest project in Ruby. Other excellent projects
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also exist within the Python ecosystem, most notably Fn.py_ and Funcy_.
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ones. `Enumerable <https://ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Enumerable.html>`_ is is the closest project in Ruby. Other excellent projects
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also exist within the Python ecosystem, most notably `Fn.py <https://github.com/kachayev/fn.py>`_ and `Funcy <https://github.com/suor/funcy/>`_.
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