Update node dependencies & generate bundled JavaScript files (#6720)

* Update package.json to work for recent version of node

Doing an `npm install` in `cirq-web/cirq_ts` failed due to a
dependency being impossible to reconcile. Specifically, the
constraints on the version of `ts-mocha` specified in file
`cirq-web/cirq_ts/package.json` could not be reconciled with the
constraints that arose from another package required by
`package.json`. Increasing the minimum version of `ts-mocha` made it
possible to run `npm install`.

Note: on Apple Silicon machines and MacOS, the `canvas` package will
fail to install because of missing dependencies unless you install the
Cairo package. Here is an example installation command using Homebrew:

```
brew install pkg-config cairo pango libpng jpeg giflib librsvg
```

This must be done before running `npm install`. (Tested on MacOS
14.6.1.)

* Update package-lock.json to go with updated package.json

This package-lock.json file is what resulted after running `npm
install`, after making the change to `package.json` to increase the
version of `ts-mocha`.

* Update distributed versions of .js files

These are the files produced by running

```
npx webpack --mode production
```

as described in the section on _Creating visualization bundle files_
in the subdirectory `cirq-web/cirq-ts`.

* Update version of node used in ci.yml

The file `ci.yml` had specified Node version 14, which is very old;
GitHub officially deprecated version 16 in 2023 (c.f.
https://nodejs.org/en/blog/announcements/nodejs16-eol). This 
commit updates `ci.yml` to use version 20.17.0, which is the
current LTS version.

Author: mhucka

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: '14.16.1'
+          node-version: '20.17.0'
       - name: Install npm
         run: check/npm ci
       - name: Check build matches the current
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: '14.16.1'
+          node-version: '20.17.0'
       - name: Install npm
         run: check/npm ci
       - name: Lint
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: '14.16.1'
+          node-version: '20.17.0'
       - name: Install npm dependencies
         run: check/npm ci
       - name: Unit tests
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: '14.16.1'
+          node-version: '20.17.0'
       - name: Install npm dependencies
         run: check/npm ci
       - name: Test