Auto merge of #101212 - eholk:dyn-star, r=compiler-errors

Initial implementation of dyn*

This PR adds extremely basic and incomplete support for [dyn*](https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps//blog/2022/03/29/dyn-can-we-make-dyn-sized/). The goal is to get something in tree behind a flag to make collaboration easier, and also to make sure the implementation so far is not unreasonable. This PR does quite a few things:

* Introduce `dyn_star` feature flag
* Adds parsing for `dyn* Trait` types
* Defines `dyn* Trait` as a sized type
* Adds support for explicit casts, like `42usize as dyn* Debug`
  * Including const evaluation of such casts
* Adds codegen for drop glue so things are cleaned up properly when a `dyn* Trait` object goes out of scope
* Adds codegen for method calls, at least for methods that take `&self`

Quite a bit is still missing, but this gives us a starting point. Note that this is never intended to become stable surface syntax for Rust, but rather `dyn*` is planned to be used as an implementation detail for async functions in dyn traits.

Joint work with `@nikomatsakis` and `@compiler-errors.`

r? `@bjorn3`

Author: bors

compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs

@@ -2072,6 +2072,7 @@ impl TyKind {
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Encodable, Decodable, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum TraitObjectSyntax {
     Dyn,
+    DynStar,
     None,
 }
 

compiler/rustc_ast_passes/src/feature_gate.rs

@@ -554,6 +554,9 @@ impl<'a> Visitor<'a> for PostExpansionVisitor<'a> {
             ast::TyKind::Never => {
                 gate_feature_post!(&self, never_type, ty.span, "the `!` type is experimental");
             }
+            ast::TyKind::TraitObject(_, ast::TraitObjectSyntax::DynStar, ..) => {
+                gate_feature_post!(&self, dyn_star, ty.span, "dyn* trait objects are unstable");
+            }
             _ => {}
         }
         visit::walk_ty(self, ty)