diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs
index 4a7090b31b4a9..f80f9965f4d8a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use rustc_middle::middle::codegen_fn_attrs::CodegenFnAttrFlags;
 use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::{
     metadata_symbol_name, ExportedSymbol, SymbolExportLevel,
 };
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{GenericArgKind, SubstsRef};
 use rustc_middle::ty::Instance;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{SymbolName, TyCtxt};
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     providers.wasm_import_module_map = wasm_import_module_map;
 }
 
-pub fn provide_extern(providers: &mut Providers) {
+pub fn provide_extern(providers: &mut ExternProviders) {
     providers.is_reachable_non_generic = is_reachable_non_generic_provider_extern;
     providers.upstream_monomorphizations_for = upstream_monomorphizations_for_provider;
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs
index 9f3c2f0c7ce30..b2b0629c4b7dc 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/lib.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def_id::CrateNum;
 use rustc_hir::LangItem;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::WorkProduct;
 use rustc_middle::middle::dependency_format::Dependencies;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_session::config::{CrateType, OutputFilenames, OutputType, RUST_CGU_EXT};
 use rustc_session::cstore::{self, CrateSource};
 use rustc_session::utils::NativeLibKind;
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
     crate::target_features::provide(providers);
 }
 
-pub fn provide_extern(providers: &mut Providers) {
+pub fn provide_extern(providers: &mut ExternProviders) {
     crate::back::symbol_export::provide_extern(providers);
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/backend.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/backend.rs
index 8129a14fcfdc9..8fef8314a5ccd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/backend.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/traits/backend.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use rustc_errors::ErrorReported;
 use rustc_metadata::EncodedMetadata;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::{WorkProduct, WorkProductId};
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{FnAbiOf, HasTyCtxt, LayoutOf, TyAndLayout};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{Ty, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::{
     config::{self, OutputFilenames, PrintRequest},
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ pub trait CodegenBackend {
     }
 
     fn provide(&self, _providers: &mut Providers) {}
-    fn provide_extern(&self, _providers: &mut Providers) {}
+    fn provide_extern(&self, _providers: &mut ExternProviders) {}
     fn codegen_crate<'tcx>(
         &self,
         tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs
index 81585f8f4e49c..7a6a643e3d0bb 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/interface.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub struct Compiler {
     pub(crate) output_file: Option<PathBuf>,
     pub(crate) register_lints: Option<Box<dyn Fn(&Session, &mut LintStore) + Send + Sync>>,
     pub(crate) override_queries:
-        Option<fn(&Session, &mut ty::query::Providers, &mut ty::query::Providers)>,
+        Option<fn(&Session, &mut ty::query::Providers, &mut ty::query::ExternProviders)>,
 }
 
 impl Compiler {
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ pub struct Config {
     ///
     /// The second parameter is local providers and the third parameter is external providers.
     pub override_queries:
-        Option<fn(&Session, &mut ty::query::Providers, &mut ty::query::Providers)>,
+        Option<fn(&Session, &mut ty::query::Providers, &mut ty::query::ExternProviders)>,
 
     /// This is a callback from the driver that is called to create a codegen backend.
     pub make_codegen_backend:
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
index eea320835685c..62f5f09aa4827 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use rustc_metadata::creader::CStore;
 use rustc_metadata::{encode_metadata, EncodedMetadata};
 use rustc_middle::arena::Arena;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::DepGraph;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GlobalCtxt, ResolverOutputs, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_mir_build as mir_build;
 use rustc_parse::{parse_crate_from_file, parse_crate_from_source_str, validate_attr};
@@ -764,8 +764,8 @@ pub static DEFAULT_QUERY_PROVIDERS: SyncLazy<Providers> = SyncLazy::new(|| {
     *providers
 });
 
-pub static DEFAULT_EXTERN_QUERY_PROVIDERS: SyncLazy<Providers> = SyncLazy::new(|| {
-    let mut extern_providers = *DEFAULT_QUERY_PROVIDERS;
+pub static DEFAULT_EXTERN_QUERY_PROVIDERS: SyncLazy<ExternProviders> = SyncLazy::new(|| {
+    let mut extern_providers = ExternProviders::default();
     rustc_metadata::provide_extern(&mut extern_providers);
     rustc_codegen_ssa::provide_extern(&mut extern_providers);
     extern_providers
@@ -816,7 +816,6 @@ pub fn create_global_ctxt<'tcx>(
     codegen_backend.provide(&mut local_providers);
 
     let mut extern_providers = *DEFAULT_EXTERN_QUERY_PROVIDERS;
-    codegen_backend.provide(&mut extern_providers);
     codegen_backend.provide_extern(&mut extern_providers);
 
     if let Some(callback) = compiler.override_queries {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs
index 5ff12a17887df..6dbba27436023 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_macros/src/query.rs
@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ enum QueryModifier {
 
     /// Always evaluate the query, ignoring its dependencies
     EvalAlways(Ident),
+
+    /// Use a separate query provider for local and extern crates
+    SeparateProvideExtern(Ident),
 }
 
 impl Parse for QueryModifier {
@@ -118,6 +121,8 @@ impl Parse for QueryModifier {
             Ok(QueryModifier::Anon(modifier))
         } else if modifier == "eval_always" {
             Ok(QueryModifier::EvalAlways(modifier))
+        } else if modifier == "separate_provide_extern" {
+            Ok(QueryModifier::SeparateProvideExtern(modifier))
         } else {
             Err(Error::new(modifier.span(), "unknown query modifier"))
         }
@@ -214,6 +219,9 @@ struct QueryModifiers {
 
     // Always evaluate the query, ignoring its dependencies
     eval_always: Option<Ident>,
+
+    /// Use a separate query provider for local and extern crates
+    separate_provide_extern: Option<Ident>,
 }
 
 /// Process query modifiers into a struct, erroring on duplicates
@@ -227,6 +235,7 @@ fn process_modifiers(query: &mut Query) -> QueryModifiers {
     let mut no_hash = None;
     let mut anon = None;
     let mut eval_always = None;
+    let mut separate_provide_extern = None;
     for modifier in query.modifiers.0.drain(..) {
         match modifier {
             QueryModifier::LoadCached(tcx, id, block) => {
@@ -317,6 +326,15 @@ fn process_modifiers(query: &mut Query) -> QueryModifiers {
                 }
                 eval_always = Some(ident);
             }
+            QueryModifier::SeparateProvideExtern(ident) => {
+                if separate_provide_extern.is_some() {
+                    panic!(
+                        "duplicate modifier `separate_provide_extern` for query `{}`",
+                        query.name
+                    );
+                }
+                separate_provide_extern = Some(ident);
+            }
         }
     }
     let desc = desc.unwrap_or_else(|| {
@@ -332,6 +350,7 @@ fn process_modifiers(query: &mut Query) -> QueryModifiers {
         no_hash,
         anon,
         eval_always,
+        separate_provide_extern,
     }
 }
 
@@ -462,6 +481,10 @@ pub fn rustc_queries(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
         if let Some(eval_always) = &modifiers.eval_always {
             attributes.push(quote! { (#eval_always) });
         };
+        // Pass on the separate_provide_extern modifier
+        if let Some(separate_provide_extern) = &modifiers.separate_provide_extern {
+            attributes.push(quote! { (#separate_provide_extern) });
+        }
 
         // This uses the span of the query definition for the commas,
         // which can be important if we later encounter any ambiguity
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs
index e12f049a90bdf..7ea004b16f23b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use rustc_hir::definitions::{DefKey, DefPath, DefPathHash};
 use rustc_middle::hir::exports::Export;
 use rustc_middle::middle::exported_symbols::ExportedSymbol;
 use rustc_middle::middle::stability::DeprecationEntry;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt, Visibility};
 use rustc_session::cstore::{CrateSource, CrateStore, ForeignModule};
 use rustc_session::utils::NativeLibKind;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use std::any::Any;
 macro_rules! provide {
     (<$lt:tt> $tcx:ident, $def_id:ident, $other:ident, $cdata:ident,
       $($name:ident => $compute:block)*) => {
-        pub fn provide_extern(providers: &mut Providers) {
+        pub fn provide_extern(providers: &mut ExternProviders) {
             $(fn $name<$lt>(
                 $tcx: TyCtxt<$lt>,
                 def_id_arg: ty::query::query_keys::$name<$lt>,
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ macro_rules! provide {
                 $compute
             })*
 
-            *providers = Providers {
+            *providers = ExternProviders {
                 $($name,)*
                 ..*providers
             };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
index c6c0fdc885126..6d384f5f3d645 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// parameter. e.g. `fn example<const N: usize=3>` called on `N` would return `3`.
     query const_param_default(param: DefId) -> &'tcx ty::Const<'tcx> {
         desc { |tcx| "compute const default for a given parameter `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(param)  }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query default_anon_const_substs(key: DefId) -> SubstsRef<'tcx> {
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
             path = tcx.def_path_str(key),
         }
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query analysis(key: ()) -> Result<(), ErrorReported> {
@@ -141,6 +143,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc { |tcx| "computing generics of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         storage(ArenaCacheSelector<'tcx>)
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Maps from the `DefId` of an item (trait/struct/enum/fn) to the
@@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// Bounds from the parent (e.g. with nested impl trait) are not included.
     query explicit_item_bounds(key: DefId) -> &'tcx [(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)] {
         desc { |tcx| "finding item bounds for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Elaborated version of the predicates from `explicit_item_bounds`.
@@ -209,6 +213,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     query native_libraries(_: CrateNum) -> Lrc<Vec<NativeLib>> {
         desc { "looking up the native libraries of a linked crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query lint_levels(_: ()) -> LintLevelMap {
@@ -226,11 +231,13 @@ rustc_queries! {
         // This query reads from untracked data in definitions.
         eval_always
         desc { |tcx| "expansion that defined `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query is_panic_runtime(_: CrateNum) -> bool {
         fatal_cycle
         desc { "checking if the crate is_panic_runtime" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Fetch the THIR for a given body. If typeck for that body failed, returns an empty `Thir`.
@@ -260,6 +267,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query mir_const_qualif(key: DefId) -> mir::ConstQualifs {
         desc { |tcx| "const checking `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query mir_const_qualif_const_arg(
         key: (LocalDefId, DefId)
@@ -296,6 +304,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         desc {
             |tcx| "building an abstract representation for {}", tcx.def_path_str(key),
         }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     /// Try to build an abstract representation of the given constant.
     query thir_abstract_const_of_const_arg(
@@ -329,6 +338,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     ) -> &'tcx mir::Body<'tcx> {
         desc { |tcx| "caching mir of `{}` for CTFE", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query mir_for_ctfe_of_const_arg(key: (LocalDefId, DefId)) -> &'tcx mir::Body<'tcx> {
@@ -366,6 +376,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query optimized_mir(key: DefId) -> &'tcx mir::Body<'tcx> {
         desc { |tcx| "optimizing MIR for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Returns coverage summary info for a function, after executing the `InstrumentCoverage`
@@ -404,6 +415,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query promoted_mir(key: DefId) -> &'tcx IndexVec<mir::Promoted, mir::Body<'tcx>> {
         desc { |tcx| "optimizing promoted MIR for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query promoted_mir_of_const_arg(
         key: (LocalDefId, DefId)
@@ -462,12 +474,14 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// Returns the predicates written explicitly by the user.
     query explicit_predicates_of(key: DefId) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
         desc { |tcx| "computing explicit predicates of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Returns the inferred outlives predicates (e.g., for `struct
     /// Foo<'a, T> { x: &'a T }`, this would return `T: 'a`).
     query inferred_outlives_of(key: DefId) -> &'tcx [(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)] {
         desc { |tcx| "computing inferred outlives predicates of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Maps from the `DefId` of a trait to the list of
@@ -478,6 +492,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// additional acyclicity requirements).
     query super_predicates_of(key: DefId) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
         desc { |tcx| "computing the super predicates of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// The `Option<Ident>` is the name of an associated type. If it is `None`, then this query
@@ -503,12 +518,15 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query trait_def(key: DefId) -> ty::TraitDef {
         desc { |tcx| "computing trait definition for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         storage(ArenaCacheSelector<'tcx>)
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query adt_def(key: DefId) -> &'tcx ty::AdtDef {
         desc { |tcx| "computing ADT definition for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query adt_destructor(key: DefId) -> Option<ty::Destructor> {
         desc { |tcx| "computing `Drop` impl for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     // The cycle error here should be reported as an error by `check_representable`.
@@ -537,10 +555,12 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// `is_const_fn` function.
     query is_const_fn_raw(key: DefId) -> bool {
         desc { |tcx| "checking if item is const fn: `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query asyncness(key: DefId) -> hir::IsAsync {
         desc { |tcx| "checking if the function is async: `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if calls to the function may be promoted.
@@ -557,16 +577,19 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// Returns `true` if this is a foreign item (i.e., linked via `extern { ... }`).
     query is_foreign_item(key: DefId) -> bool {
         desc { |tcx| "checking if `{}` is a foreign item", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Returns `Some(mutability)` if the node pointed to by `def_id` is a static item.
     query static_mutability(def_id: DefId) -> Option<hir::Mutability> {
         desc { |tcx| "looking up static mutability of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Returns `Some(generator_kind)` if the node pointed to by `def_id` is a generator.
     query generator_kind(def_id: DefId) -> Option<hir::GeneratorKind> {
         desc { |tcx| "looking up generator kind of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Gets a map with the variance of every item; use `item_variance` instead.
@@ -578,6 +601,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// Maps from the `DefId` of a type or region parameter to its (inferred) variance.
     query variances_of(def_id: DefId) -> &'tcx [ty::Variance] {
         desc { |tcx| "computing the variances of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Maps from thee `DefId` of a type to its (inferred) outlives.
@@ -589,12 +613,14 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// Maps from an impl/trait `DefId` to a list of the `DefId`s of its items.
     query associated_item_def_ids(key: DefId) -> &'tcx [DefId] {
         desc { |tcx| "collecting associated items of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Maps from a trait item to the trait item "descriptor".
     query associated_item(key: DefId) -> ty::AssocItem {
         desc { |tcx| "computing associated item data for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         storage(ArenaCacheSelector<'tcx>)
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Collects the associated items defined on a trait or impl.
@@ -607,9 +633,11 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// Return `None` if this is an inherent impl.
     query impl_trait_ref(impl_id: DefId) -> Option<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>> {
         desc { |tcx| "computing trait implemented by `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(impl_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query impl_polarity(impl_id: DefId) -> ty::ImplPolarity {
         desc { |tcx| "computing implementation polarity of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(impl_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query issue33140_self_ty(key: DefId) -> Option<ty::Ty<'tcx>> {
@@ -622,6 +650,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query inherent_impls(key: DefId) -> &'tcx [DefId] {
         desc { |tcx| "collecting inherent impls for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         eval_always
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// The result of unsafety-checking this `LocalDefId`.
@@ -661,6 +690,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// The signature of functions.
     query fn_sig(key: DefId) -> ty::PolyFnSig<'tcx> {
         desc { |tcx| "computing function signature of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query lint_mod(key: LocalDefId) -> () {
@@ -715,10 +745,10 @@ rustc_queries! {
     }
 
     /// Caches `CoerceUnsized` kinds for impls on custom types.
-    query coerce_unsized_info(key: DefId)
-        -> ty::adjustment::CoerceUnsizedInfo {
-            desc { |tcx| "computing CoerceUnsized info for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
-        }
+    query coerce_unsized_info(key: DefId) -> ty::adjustment::CoerceUnsizedInfo {
+        desc { |tcx| "computing CoerceUnsized info for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
+    }
 
     query typeck_item_bodies(_: ()) -> () {
         desc { "type-checking all item bodies" }
@@ -913,22 +943,27 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     query opt_def_kind(def_id: DefId) -> Option<DefKind> {
         desc { |tcx| "looking up definition kind of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query def_span(def_id: DefId) -> Span {
         desc { |tcx| "looking up span for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query def_ident_span(def_id: DefId) -> Option<Span> {
         desc { |tcx| "looking up span for `{}`'s identifier", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query lookup_stability(def_id: DefId) -> Option<&'tcx attr::Stability> {
         desc { |tcx| "looking up stability of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query lookup_const_stability(def_id: DefId) -> Option<&'tcx attr::ConstStability> {
         desc { |tcx| "looking up const stability of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query should_inherit_track_caller(def_id: DefId) -> bool {
@@ -937,10 +972,12 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     query lookup_deprecation_entry(def_id: DefId) -> Option<DeprecationEntry> {
         desc { |tcx| "checking whether `{}` is deprecated", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query item_attrs(def_id: DefId) -> &'tcx [ast::Attribute] {
         desc { |tcx| "collecting attributes of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query codegen_fn_attrs(def_id: DefId) -> CodegenFnAttrs {
@@ -951,27 +988,33 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     query fn_arg_names(def_id: DefId) -> &'tcx [rustc_span::symbol::Ident] {
         desc { |tcx| "looking up function parameter names for `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     /// Gets the rendered value of the specified constant or associated constant.
     /// Used by rustdoc.
     query rendered_const(def_id: DefId) -> String {
         desc { |tcx| "rendering constant intializer of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query impl_parent(def_id: DefId) -> Option<DefId> {
         desc { |tcx| "computing specialization parent impl of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Given an `associated_item`, find the trait it belongs to.
     /// Return `None` if the `DefId` is not an associated item.
     query trait_of_item(associated_item: DefId) -> Option<DefId> {
         desc { |tcx| "finding trait defining `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(associated_item) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query is_ctfe_mir_available(key: DefId) -> bool {
         desc { |tcx| "checking if item has ctfe mir available: `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query is_mir_available(key: DefId) -> bool {
         desc { |tcx| "checking if item has mir available: `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query own_existential_vtable_entries(
@@ -1137,6 +1180,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query dylib_dependency_formats(_: CrateNum)
                                     -> &'tcx [(CrateNum, LinkagePreference)] {
         desc { "dylib dependency formats of crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query dependency_formats(_: ()) -> Lrc<crate::middle::dependency_format::Dependencies> {
@@ -1146,41 +1190,50 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query is_compiler_builtins(_: CrateNum) -> bool {
         fatal_cycle
         desc { "checking if the crate is_compiler_builtins" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query has_global_allocator(_: CrateNum) -> bool {
         // This query depends on untracked global state in CStore
         eval_always
         fatal_cycle
         desc { "checking if the crate has_global_allocator" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query has_panic_handler(_: CrateNum) -> bool {
         fatal_cycle
         desc { "checking if the crate has_panic_handler" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query is_profiler_runtime(_: CrateNum) -> bool {
         fatal_cycle
         desc { "query a crate is `#![profiler_runtime]`" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query panic_strategy(_: CrateNum) -> PanicStrategy {
         fatal_cycle
         desc { "query a crate's configured panic strategy" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query panic_in_drop_strategy(_: CrateNum) -> PanicStrategy {
         fatal_cycle
         desc { "query a crate's configured panic-in-drop strategy" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query is_no_builtins(_: CrateNum) -> bool {
         fatal_cycle
         desc { "test whether a crate has `#![no_builtins]`" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query symbol_mangling_version(_: CrateNum) -> SymbolManglingVersion {
         fatal_cycle
         desc { "query a crate's symbol mangling version" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query extern_crate(def_id: DefId) -> Option<&'tcx ExternCrate> {
         eval_always
         desc { "getting crate's ExternCrateData" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query specializes(_: (DefId, DefId)) -> bool {
@@ -1197,10 +1250,12 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     query impl_defaultness(def_id: DefId) -> hir::Defaultness {
         desc { |tcx| "looking up whether `{}` is a default impl", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query impl_constness(def_id: DefId) -> hir::Constness {
         desc { |tcx| "looking up whether `{}` is a const impl", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query check_item_well_formed(key: LocalDefId) -> () {
@@ -1229,9 +1284,11 @@ rustc_queries! {
         -> DefIdMap<SymbolExportLevel> {
         storage(ArenaCacheSelector<'tcx>)
         desc { "looking up the exported symbols of a crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query is_reachable_non_generic(def_id: DefId) -> bool {
         desc { |tcx| "checking whether `{}` is an exported symbol", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query is_unreachable_local_definition(def_id: LocalDefId) -> bool {
         desc { |tcx|
@@ -1264,6 +1321,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
                 "collecting available upstream monomorphizations for `{}`",
                 tcx.def_path_str(def_id),
             }
+            separate_provide_extern
         }
 
     /// Returns the upstream crate that exports drop-glue for the given
@@ -1287,6 +1345,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     query foreign_modules(_: CrateNum) -> Lrc<FxHashMap<DefId, ForeignModule>> {
         desc { "looking up the foreign modules of a linked crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Identifies the entry-point (e.g., the `main` function) for a given
@@ -1302,18 +1361,22 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query crate_hash(_: CrateNum) -> Svh {
         eval_always
         desc { "looking up the hash a crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query crate_host_hash(_: CrateNum) -> Option<Svh> {
         eval_always
         desc { "looking up the hash of a host version of a crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query extra_filename(_: CrateNum) -> String {
         eval_always
         desc { "looking up the extra filename for a crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query crate_extern_paths(_: CrateNum) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
         eval_always
         desc { "looking up the paths for extern crates" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Given a crate and a trait, look up all impls of that trait in the crate.
@@ -1321,6 +1384,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query implementations_of_trait(_: (CrateNum, DefId))
         -> &'tcx [(DefId, Option<ty::fast_reject::SimplifiedType>)] {
         desc { "looking up implementations of a trait in a crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Given a crate, look up all trait impls in that crate.
@@ -1328,6 +1392,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query all_trait_implementations(_: CrateNum)
         -> &'tcx [(DefId, Option<ty::fast_reject::SimplifiedType>)] {
         desc { "looking up all (?) trait implementations" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query is_dllimport_foreign_item(def_id: DefId) -> bool {
@@ -1384,6 +1449,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
 
     query visibility(def_id: DefId) -> ty::Visibility {
         desc { |tcx| "computing visibility of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Computes the set of modules from which this type is visibly uninhabited.
@@ -1398,13 +1464,16 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query dep_kind(_: CrateNum) -> CrateDepKind {
         eval_always
         desc { "fetching what a dependency looks like" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query crate_name(_: CrateNum) -> Symbol {
         eval_always
         desc { "fetching what a crate is named" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query item_children(def_id: DefId) -> &'tcx [Export] {
         desc { |tcx| "collecting child items of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id) }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query extern_mod_stmt_cnum(def_id: LocalDefId) -> Option<CrateNum> {
         desc { |tcx| "computing crate imported by `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(def_id.to_def_id()) }
@@ -1418,6 +1487,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query defined_lib_features(_: CrateNum)
         -> &'tcx [(Symbol, Option<Symbol>)] {
         desc { "calculating the lib features defined in a crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     /// Returns the lang items defined in another crate by loading it from metadata.
     query get_lang_items(_: ()) -> LanguageItems {
@@ -1436,16 +1506,19 @@ rustc_queries! {
     /// Returns the lang items defined in another crate by loading it from metadata.
     query defined_lang_items(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx [(DefId, usize)] {
         desc { "calculating the lang items defined in a crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     /// Returns the diagnostic items defined in a crate.
     query diagnostic_items(_: CrateNum) -> rustc_hir::diagnostic_items::DiagnosticItems {
         storage(ArenaCacheSelector<'tcx>)
         desc { "calculating the diagnostic items map in a crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query missing_lang_items(_: CrateNum) -> &'tcx [LangItem] {
         desc { "calculating the missing lang items in a crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query visible_parent_map(_: ()) -> DefIdMap<DefId> {
         storage(ArenaCacheSelector<'tcx>)
@@ -1458,10 +1531,12 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query missing_extern_crate_item(_: CrateNum) -> bool {
         eval_always
         desc { "seeing if we're missing an `extern crate` item for this crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query used_crate_source(_: CrateNum) -> Lrc<CrateSource> {
         eval_always
         desc { "looking at the source for a crate" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query postorder_cnums(_: ()) -> &'tcx [CrateNum] {
         eval_always
@@ -1472,6 +1547,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query is_private_dep(c: CrateNum) -> bool {
         eval_always
         desc { "check whether crate {} is a private dependency", c }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query allocator_kind(_: ()) -> Option<AllocatorKind> {
         eval_always
@@ -1517,6 +1593,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
     query exported_symbols(_: CrateNum)
         -> &'tcx [(ExportedSymbol<'tcx>, SymbolExportLevel)] {
         desc { "exported_symbols" }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
 
     query collect_and_partition_mono_items(_: ()) -> (&'tcx DefIdSet, &'tcx [CodegenUnit<'tcx>]) {
@@ -1542,6 +1619,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
             |tcx| "determining which generic parameters are unused by `{}`",
                 tcx.def_path_str(key.def_id())
         }
+        separate_provide_extern
     }
     query backend_optimization_level(_: ()) -> OptLevel {
         desc { "optimization level used by backend" }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs
index 6c1175ebdb4ee..34f806271979a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/query.rs
@@ -123,6 +123,39 @@ macro_rules! query_storage {
     };
 }
 
+macro_rules! separate_provide_extern_decl {
+    ([][$name:ident]) => {
+        ()
+    };
+    ([(separate_provide_extern) $($rest:tt)*][$name:ident]) => {
+        for<'tcx> fn(
+            TyCtxt<'tcx>,
+            query_keys::$name<'tcx>,
+        ) -> query_values::$name<'tcx>
+    };
+    ([$other:tt $($modifiers:tt)*][$($args:tt)*]) => {
+        separate_provide_extern_decl!([$($modifiers)*][$($args)*])
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! separate_provide_extern_default {
+    ([][$name:ident]) => {
+        ()
+    };
+    ([(separate_provide_extern) $($rest:tt)*][$name:ident]) => {
+        |_, key| bug!(
+            "`tcx.{}({:?})` unsupported by its crate; \
+             perhaps the `{}` query was never assigned a provider function",
+            stringify!($name),
+            key,
+            stringify!($name),
+        )
+    };
+    ([$other:tt $($modifiers:tt)*][$($args:tt)*]) => {
+        separate_provide_extern_default!([$($modifiers)*][$($args)*])
+    };
+}
+
 macro_rules! define_callbacks {
     (<$tcx:tt>
      $($(#[$attr:meta])*
@@ -214,6 +247,10 @@ macro_rules! define_callbacks {
             ) -> query_values::$name<'tcx>,)*
         }
 
+        pub struct ExternProviders {
+            $(pub $name: separate_provide_extern_decl!([$($modifiers)*][$name]),)*
+        }
+
         impl Default for Providers {
             fn default() -> Self {
                 Providers {
@@ -228,11 +265,24 @@ macro_rules! define_callbacks {
             }
         }
 
+        impl Default for ExternProviders {
+            fn default() -> Self {
+                ExternProviders {
+                    $($name: separate_provide_extern_default!([$($modifiers)*][$name]),)*
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         impl Copy for Providers {}
         impl Clone for Providers {
             fn clone(&self) -> Self { *self }
         }
 
+        impl Copy for ExternProviders {}
+        impl Clone for ExternProviders {
+            fn clone(&self) -> Self { *self }
+        }
+
         pub trait QueryEngine<'tcx>: rustc_data_structures::sync::Sync {
             fn as_any(&'tcx self) -> &'tcx dyn std::any::Any;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs
index c6e753e466273..9cd36a77b70ff 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
 use rustc_middle::arena::Arena;
 use rustc_middle::dep_graph::{self, DepKindStruct, SerializedDepNodeIndex};
 use rustc_middle::ty::query::{query_keys, query_storage, query_stored, query_values};
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::{Providers, QueryEngine};
+use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers, QueryEngine};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_span::Span;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs
index 6282a9dcd52d7..81a36e0d59eff 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_impl/src/plumbing.rs
@@ -215,6 +215,22 @@ macro_rules! hash_result {
     };
 }
 
+macro_rules! get_provider {
+    ([][$tcx:expr, $name:ident, $key:expr]) => {{
+        $tcx.queries.local_providers.$name
+    }};
+    ([(separate_provide_extern) $($rest:tt)*][$tcx:expr, $name:ident, $key:expr]) => {{
+        if $key.query_crate_is_local() {
+            $tcx.queries.local_providers.$name
+        } else {
+            $tcx.queries.extern_providers.$name
+        }
+    }};
+    ([$other:tt $($modifiers:tt)*][$($args:tt)*]) => {
+        get_provider!([$($modifiers)*][$($args)*])
+    };
+}
+
 macro_rules! define_queries {
     (<$tcx:tt>
      $($(#[$attr:meta])*
@@ -310,11 +326,7 @@ macro_rules! define_queries {
             fn make_vtable(tcx: QueryCtxt<'tcx>, key: &Self::Key) ->
                 QueryVtable<QueryCtxt<$tcx>, Self::Key, Self::Value>
             {
-                let compute = if key.query_crate_is_local() {
-                    tcx.queries.local_providers.$name
-                } else {
-                    tcx.queries.extern_providers.$name
-                };
+                let compute = get_provider!([$($modifiers)*][tcx, $name, key]);
                 let cache_on_disk = Self::cache_on_disk(tcx.tcx, key);
                 QueryVtable {
                     anon: is_anon!([$($modifiers)*]),
@@ -444,7 +456,7 @@ macro_rules! define_queries_struct {
      input: ($(([$($modifiers:tt)*] [$($attr:tt)*] [$name:ident]))*)) => {
         pub struct Queries<$tcx> {
             local_providers: Box<Providers>,
-            extern_providers: Box<Providers>,
+            extern_providers: Box<ExternProviders>,
 
             pub on_disk_cache: Option<OnDiskCache<$tcx>>,
 
@@ -457,7 +469,7 @@ macro_rules! define_queries_struct {
         impl<$tcx> Queries<$tcx> {
             pub fn new(
                 local_providers: Providers,
-                extern_providers: Providers,
+                extern_providers: ExternProviders,
                 on_disk_cache: Option<OnDiskCache<$tcx>>,
             ) -> Self {
                 Queries {
diff --git a/src/test/run-make-fulldeps/obtain-borrowck/driver.rs b/src/test/run-make-fulldeps/obtain-borrowck/driver.rs
index a288b90d7924e..86e6d9e756c51 100644
--- a/src/test/run-make-fulldeps/obtain-borrowck/driver.rs
+++ b/src/test/run-make-fulldeps/obtain-borrowck/driver.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use rustc_hir::itemlikevisit::ItemLikeVisitor;
 use rustc_interface::interface::Compiler;
 use rustc_interface::{Config, Queries};
 use rustc_middle::ty::query::query_values::mir_borrowck;
-use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
+use rustc_middle::ty::query::{ExternProviders, Providers};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::Session;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
@@ -87,9 +87,8 @@ impl rustc_driver::Callbacks for CompilerCalls {
     }
 }
 
-fn override_queries(_session: &Session, local: &mut Providers, external: &mut Providers) {
+fn override_queries(_session: &Session, local: &mut Providers, _external: &mut ExternProviders) {
     local.mir_borrowck = mir_borrowck;
-    external.mir_borrowck = mir_borrowck;
 }
 
 // Since mir_borrowck does not have access to any other state, we need to use a