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ChaiTRex opened this issue Aug 27, 2024 · 1 comment
Closed

FCP WIP #1

ChaiTRex opened this issue Aug 27, 2024 · 1 comment

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@ChaiTRex
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ChaiTRex commented Aug 27, 2024 •
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Stabilization report

API summary

const fn concerns

If a better implementation comes along that can't be const fn, const_eval_select can be used to combine the better implementation with the current implementation to maintain const fn.

Experience report

These projects use the isqrt feature (note that only five pages of results are allowed, so there may be more uses):

Standard libraries of programming languages

The following languages have an integer square root function in the standard library: Chapel, Common Lisp, Crystal, Julia, Maple, Python 3, Racket, Ruby, SageMath, Scheme, and Tcl.

Rust crates

integer-sqrt (6.3 million downloads of all versions; GitHub search)
num-bigint (133 million downloads of all versions)
rug (590 thousand downloads of all versions)

Other languages

GMP library

Implementation history

Performance

The current implementation is based on a lookup table for 8-bit integers and "unrolled" recursive Karatsuba square root for larger types. The performance is decent, but it can be beaten with f32::sqrt and f64::sqrt for 16-bit through 64-bit integers (64 bit needs a slight adjustment to correct for imprecision). Even 128-bit integers could be sped up by using Karatsuba square root combined with the 64-bit floating point-based algorithm.

It isn't done that way because:

  • Rust has no runtime detection of fast floating point hardware square root instructions (software-based floating point square roots are likely to be slower than the current implementation).
  • Rust has no way to allow the Linux kernel and similar projects to forbid floating point arithmetic and to communicate that to core library code via a cfg setting or similar.

Ignoring floating point implementations, there are also faster algorithms that use only integer operations (for example the GMP library has faster implementations). I'm not a lawyer, but I believe that porting those to Rust would be considered a derivative work, and thus require adherence to the original code's license. Since the Rust standard library appears to be dual licensed under Apache 2.0 and MIT and since GMP is licensed under both LGPL 2 and LGPL 3, we'd have to complicate our licensing situation to port the GMP code.

Is there anything else that needs to be taken care of before the isqrt feature is stabilized?
@ChaiTRex ChaiTRex closed this as completed Oct 6, 2024
@ChaiTRex
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ChaiTRex commented Oct 6, 2024

Submitted at rust-lang#116226 (comment).

ChaiTRex pushed a commit that referenced this issue Oct 28, 2024
@bors
Auto merge of rust-lang#131460 - jwong101:default-placement-new, r=ib…
1f67a7a 
…raheemdev

Optimize `Box::default` and `Arc::default` to construct more types in place

Both the `Arc` and `Box` `Default` impls currently call `T::default()` before allocating, and then moving the resulting `T` into the allocation.

Most `Default` impls are trivial, which should in theory allow
LLVM to construct `T: Default` directly in the `Box` allocation when calling
`<Box<T>>::default()`.

However, the allocation may fail, which necessitates calling `T`'s destructor if it has one.
If the destructor is non-trivial, then LLVM has a hard time proving that it's
sound to elide, which makes it construct `T` on the stack first, and then copy it into the allocation.

Change both of these impls to allocate first, and then call `T::default` into the uninitialized allocation, so that LLVM doesn't have to prove that it's sound to elide the destructor/initial stack copy.

For example, given the following Rust code:

```rust
#[derive(Default, Clone)]
struct Foo {
    x: Vec<u8>,
    z: String,
    y: Vec<u8>,
}

#[no_mangle]
pub fn src() -> Box<Foo> {
    Box::default()
}
```

<details open>
<summary>Before this PR:</summary>

```llvm
`@__rust_no_alloc_shim_is_unstable` = external global i8

; drop_in_place() generated in case the allocation fails

; core::ptr::drop_in_place<playground::Foo>
; Function Attrs: nounwind nonlazybind uwtable
define internal fastcc void `@"_ZN4core3ptr36drop_in_place$LT$playground..Foo$GT$17hff376aece491233bE"(ptr` noalias nocapture noundef readonly align 8 dereferenceable(72) %_1) unnamed_addr #0 personality ptr `@rust_eh_personality` {
start:
  %_1.val = load i64, ptr %_1, align 8
  %0 = icmp eq i64 %_1.val, 0
  br i1 %0, label %bb6, label %"_ZN63_$LT$alloc..alloc..Global$u20$as$u20$core..alloc..Allocator$GT$10deallocate17heaa87468709346b1E.exit.i.i.i4.i"

"_ZN63_$LT$alloc..alloc..Global$u20$as$u20$core..alloc..Allocator$GT$10deallocate17heaa87468709346b1E.exit.i.i.i4.i": ; preds = %start
  %1 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_1, i64 8
  %_1.val6 = load ptr, ptr %1, align 8, !nonnull !3, !noundef !3
  tail call void `@__rust_dealloc(ptr` noundef nonnull %_1.val6, i64 noundef %_1.val, i64 noundef 1) rust-lang#8
  br label %bb6

bb6:                                              ; preds = %"_ZN63_$LT$alloc..alloc..Global$u20$as$u20$core..alloc..Allocator$GT$10deallocate17heaa87468709346b1E.exit.i.i.i4.i", %start
  %2 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_1, i64 24
  %.val9 = load i64, ptr %2, align 8
  %3 = icmp eq i64 %.val9, 0
  br i1 %3, label %bb5, label %"_ZN63_$LT$alloc..alloc..Global$u20$as$u20$core..alloc..Allocator$GT$10deallocate17heaa87468709346b1E.exit.i.i.i4.i.i11"

"_ZN63_$LT$alloc..alloc..Global$u20$as$u20$core..alloc..Allocator$GT$10deallocate17heaa87468709346b1E.exit.i.i.i4.i.i11": ; preds = %bb6
  %4 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_1, i64 32
  %.val10 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8, !nonnull !3, !noundef !3
  tail call void `@__rust_dealloc(ptr` noundef nonnull %.val10, i64 noundef %.val9, i64 noundef 1) rust-lang#8
  br label %bb5

bb5:                                              ; preds = %"_ZN63_$LT$alloc..alloc..Global$u20$as$u20$core..alloc..Allocator$GT$10deallocate17heaa87468709346b1E.exit.i.i.i4.i.i11", %bb6
  %5 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_1, i64 48
  %.val4 = load i64, ptr %5, align 8
  %6 = icmp eq i64 %.val4, 0
  br i1 %6, label %"_ZN4core3ptr46drop_in_place$LT$alloc..vec..Vec$LT$u8$GT$$GT$17hb5ca95423e113cf7E.exit16", label %"_ZN63_$LT$alloc..alloc..Global$u20$as$u20$core..alloc..Allocator$GT$10deallocate17heaa87468709346b1E.exit.i.i.i4.i15"

"_ZN63_$LT$alloc..alloc..Global$u20$as$u20$core..alloc..Allocator$GT$10deallocate17heaa87468709346b1E.exit.i.i.i4.i15": ; preds = %bb5
  %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_1, i64 56
  %.val5 = load ptr, ptr %7, align 8, !nonnull !3, !noundef !3
  tail call void `@__rust_dealloc(ptr` noundef nonnull %.val5, i64 noundef %.val4, i64 noundef 1) rust-lang#8
  br label %"_ZN4core3ptr46drop_in_place$LT$alloc..vec..Vec$LT$u8$GT$$GT$17hb5ca95423e113cf7E.exit16"

"_ZN4core3ptr46drop_in_place$LT$alloc..vec..Vec$LT$u8$GT$$GT$17hb5ca95423e113cf7E.exit16": ; preds = %bb5, %"_ZN63_$LT$alloc..alloc..Global$u20$as$u20$core..alloc..Allocator$GT$10deallocate17heaa87468709346b1E.exit.i.i.i4.i15"
  ret void
}

; Function Attrs: nonlazybind uwtable
define noalias noundef nonnull align 8 ptr `@src()` unnamed_addr #1 personality ptr `@rust_eh_personality` {
start:

; alloca to place `Foo` in.
  %_1 = alloca [72 x i8], align 8
  call void `@llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64` 72, ptr nonnull %_1)
  store i64 0, ptr %_1, align 8
  %_2.sroa.4.0._1.sroa_idx = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_1, i64 8
  store ptr inttoptr (i64 1 to ptr), ptr %_2.sroa.4.0._1.sroa_idx, align 8
  %_2.sroa.5.0._1.sroa_idx = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_1, i64 16
  %_3.sroa.4.0..sroa_idx = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_1, i64 32
  call void `@llvm.memset.p0.i64(ptr` noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) %_2.sroa.5.0._1.sroa_idx, i8 0, i64 16, i1 false)
  store ptr inttoptr (i64 1 to ptr), ptr %_3.sroa.4.0..sroa_idx, align 8
  %_3.sroa.5.0..sroa_idx = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_1, i64 40
  %_4.sroa.4.0..sroa_idx = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_1, i64 56
  call void `@llvm.memset.p0.i64(ptr` noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) %_3.sroa.5.0..sroa_idx, i8 0, i64 16, i1 false)
  store ptr inttoptr (i64 1 to ptr), ptr %_4.sroa.4.0..sroa_idx, align 8
  %_4.sroa.5.0..sroa_idx = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_1, i64 64
  store i64 0, ptr %_4.sroa.5.0..sroa_idx, align 8
  %0 = load volatile i8, ptr `@__rust_no_alloc_shim_is_unstable,` align 1, !noalias !4
  %_0.i.i.i = tail call noalias noundef align 8 dereferenceable_or_null(72) ptr `@__rust_alloc(i64` noundef 72, i64 noundef 8) rust-lang#8, !noalias !4
  %1 = icmp eq ptr %_0.i.i.i, null
  br i1 %1, label %bb2.i, label %"_ZN5alloc5boxed12Box$LT$T$GT$3new17h0864de14f863a27aE.exit"

bb2.i:                                            ; preds = %start
; invoke alloc::alloc::handle_alloc_error
  invoke void `@_ZN5alloc5alloc18handle_alloc_error17h98142d0d8d74161bE(i64` noundef 8, i64 noundef 72) rust-lang#9
          to label %.noexc unwind label %cleanup.i

.noexc:                                           ; preds = %bb2.i
  unreachable

cleanup.i:                                        ; preds = %bb2.i
  %2 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
; call core::ptr::drop_in_place<playground::Foo>
  call fastcc void `@"_ZN4core3ptr36drop_in_place$LT$playground..Foo$GT$17hff376aece491233bE"(ptr` noalias noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(72) %_1) rust-lang#10
  resume { ptr, i32 } %2

"_ZN5alloc5boxed12Box$LT$T$GT$3new17h0864de14f863a27aE.exit": ; preds = %start

; Copy from stack to heap if allocation is successful
  call void `@llvm.memcpy.p0.p0.i64(ptr` noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(72) %_0.i.i.i, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(72) %_1, i64 72, i1 false)
  call void `@llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64` 72, ptr nonnull %_1)
  ret ptr %_0.i.i.i
}

```
</details>

<details>
<summary>After this PR</summary>

```llvm
; Notice how there's no `drop_in_place()` generated as well

define noalias noundef nonnull align 8 ptr `@src()` unnamed_addr #0 personality ptr `@rust_eh_personality` {
start:
; no stack allocation

  %0 = load volatile i8, ptr `@__rust_no_alloc_shim_is_unstable,` align 1
  %_0.i.i.i.i.i = tail call noalias noundef align 8 dereferenceable_or_null(72) ptr `@__rust_alloc(i64` noundef 72, i64 noundef 8) rust-lang#5
  %1 = icmp eq ptr %_0.i.i.i.i.i, null
  br i1 %1, label %bb3.i, label %"_ZN5alloc5boxed16Box$LT$T$C$A$GT$13new_uninit_in17h80d6355ef4b73ea3E.exit"

bb3.i:                                            ; preds = %start
; call alloc::alloc::handle_alloc_error
  tail call void `@_ZN5alloc5alloc18handle_alloc_error17h98142d0d8d74161bE(i64` noundef 8, i64 noundef 72) rust-lang#6
  unreachable

"_ZN5alloc5boxed16Box$LT$T$C$A$GT$13new_uninit_in17h80d6355ef4b73ea3E.exit": ; preds = %start
; construct `Foo` directly into the allocation if successful

  store i64 0, ptr %_0.i.i.i.i.i, align 8
  %_8.sroa.4.0._1.sroa_idx = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_0.i.i.i.i.i, i64 8
  store ptr inttoptr (i64 1 to ptr), ptr %_8.sroa.4.0._1.sroa_idx, align 8
  %_8.sroa.5.0._1.sroa_idx = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_0.i.i.i.i.i, i64 16
  %_8.sroa.7.0._1.sroa_idx = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_0.i.i.i.i.i, i64 32
  tail call void `@llvm.memset.p0.i64(ptr` noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) %_8.sroa.5.0._1.sroa_idx, i8 0, i64 16, i1 false)
  store ptr inttoptr (i64 1 to ptr), ptr %_8.sroa.7.0._1.sroa_idx, align 8
  %_8.sroa.8.0._1.sroa_idx = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_0.i.i.i.i.i, i64 40
  %_8.sroa.10.0._1.sroa_idx = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_0.i.i.i.i.i, i64 56
  tail call void `@llvm.memset.p0.i64(ptr` noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) %_8.sroa.8.0._1.sroa_idx, i8 0, i64 16, i1 false)
  store ptr inttoptr (i64 1 to ptr), ptr %_8.sroa.10.0._1.sroa_idx, align 8
  %_8.sroa.11.0._1.sroa_idx = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %_0.i.i.i.i.i, i64 64
  store i64 0, ptr %_8.sroa.11.0._1.sroa_idx, align 8
  ret ptr %_0.i.i.i.i.i
}
```

</details>
ChaiTRex pushed a commit that referenced this issue Oct 28, 2024
@workingjubilee
Rollup merge of rust-lang#131954 - the8472:bootstrap-parallel-git, r=…
aba227b 
…Kobzol

shave 150ms off bootstrap

This starts `git` commands inside `GitInfo`and the submodule updates in parallel. Git should already perform internal locking in cases where it needs to serialize a modification.

```
OLD
Benchmark #1: ./x check core
  Time (mean ± σ):     608.7 ms ±   4.4 ms    [User: 368.3 ms, System: 455.1 ms]
  Range (min … max):   602.3 ms … 618.8 ms    10 runs

NEW
Benchmark #1: ./x check core
  Time (mean ± σ):     462.8 ms ±   2.6 ms    [User: 350.2 ms, System: 485.1 ms]
  Range (min … max):   457.5 ms … 465.6 ms    10 runs
```

This should help with the rust-analyzer setup which issues many individual `./x check` calls. There's more that could be done but these were the lowest-hanging fruits that I saw.
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