bump: update base Ubuntu versions for dockers

[Borda]

What does this PR do?

resolves some recent docker build issues with missing archives

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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://pytorch-lightning--20879.org.readthedocs.build/en/20879/

[github-actions]

🌩️ Required checks status: Pending 🟡

Groups summary

🟡 pytorch_lightning: Docker

Check ID	Status
build-cuda (3.10, 2.1.2, 12.1.1)	no_status	❓
build-cuda (3.11, 2.2.2, 12.1.1)	no_status	❓
build-cuda (3.11, 2.3.1, 12.1.1)	no_status	❓
build-cuda (3.11, 2.4.1, 12.1.1)	no_status	❓
build-cuda (3.12, 2.5.1, 12.1.1)	no_status	❓
build-cuda (3.12, 2.6.0, 12.4.1)	no_status	❓
build-pl (3.10, 2.1, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.11, 2.2, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.11, 2.3, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.11, 2.4, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.12, 2.5, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.12, 2.6, 12.4.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.12, 2.7, 12.6.3, true)	success	✅

These checks are required after the changes to .github/workflows/docker-build.yml, dockers/base-cuda/Dockerfile, dockers/nvidia/Dockerfile, dockers/release/Dockerfile.

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Thank you for your contribution! 💜

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