Hybrid recurrent cache #13979

gabe-l-hart · 2025-06-02T19:50:36Z

This is a re-opened version of #13904 after #13746 was merged

Description

This PR introduces the llama_kv_cache_hybrid_recurrent cache implementation. It follows the pattern of llama_kv_cache_unified_iswa by holding two child cache instances and implementing the interface logic such that it manages both correctly for the appropriate layers.

Changes

The main change in this PR is the addition of llama_kv_cache_hybrid_recurrent in llama-kv-cache-hybrid-recurrent.*. In addition to this, the PR does the following:

Add the llama_model_is_hybrid_recurrent public API (akin to llama_model_is_recurrent)
Add LLM_KV_ATTENTION_LAYER_INDICES as an hparam to hold the indices of the layers that should use attention (versus recurrent)
- This part is not well aligned with iswa, but that mechanism also isn't particularly extensible. It might be more appropriate to have a generic mechanism for indicating the type of caching to use for each layer, but that would start to approach the generic hybrid implementation that I originally attempted which ended up being too abstract (feat: Hybrid unified/recurrent cache #13276).
Abstracting utilities in llm_graph_context that need a specific type of cache to use getters (get_state_unified / get_state_recurrent) that will properly handle llama_kv_cache_hybrid_recurrent
Make n_embd_k_s / n_embd_v_s layer-dependent and use layer indices when calling them in the existing cache implementations
Add layer filtering to llama_kv_cache_recurrent
Updates the logic in llama_model::create_memory to use llm_arch_is_recurrent and llm_arch_is_hybrid_recurrent rather than relying on adding models to the switch statement which was redundant with the implementation of these functions

ggerganov · 2025-06-03T06:14:19Z

src/llama-graph.cpp

+const llama_kv_cache_unified_state * llm_graph_context::get_state_unified() const {
+    const auto * umstate = dynamic_cast<const llama_kv_cache_unified_state *>(mstate);
+    if (!umstate) {
+        const auto hmstate = dynamic_cast<const llama_kv_cache_hybrid_recurrent_state *>(mstate);
+        if (hmstate) {
+            umstate = hmstate->get_state_attn();
+        }
+    }
+    GGML_ASSERT(umstate);
+    return umstate;
+}
+
+const llama_kv_cache_recurrent_state * llm_graph_context::get_state_recurrent() const {
+    const auto * rmstate = dynamic_cast<const llama_kv_cache_recurrent_state *>(mstate);
+    if (!rmstate) {
+        const auto hmstate = dynamic_cast<const llama_kv_cache_hybrid_recurrent_state *>(mstate);
+        if (hmstate) {
+            rmstate = hmstate->get_state_recurrent();
+        }
+    }
+    GGML_ASSERT(rmstate);
+    return rmstate;
+}
+


These dynamic casts should not be necessary. Instead you need a new llm_graph_context::build_attn_inp_kv_hybrid_recurrent() method, similar to llm_graph_context::build_attn_inp_kv_unified_iswa().

I'm working through this now and a couple of questions are coming up:

Would it be best to combine build_inp_s_copy with build_attn_inp_kv for hybrid so that models call just one "build inputs" function, or keep them separate for simplicity?

For the build_attn methods, each has a corresponding llm_graph_input_attn_* class. The build_inp_s_* methods don't have this pattern which would make this a bit harder to have code reuse. Are there plans to refactor that further @compilade?

In the mamba2 branch, s_mask seems to be totally removed. I'd prefer not to do all of the boilerplate for duplicating build_inp_s_mask for the hybrid recurrent case if that's definitely going to be going away. Is there any reason that might stick around past the merge of mamba2?

Answering out of order, but it should still make sense:

2. For the build_attn methods, each has a corresponding llm_graph_input_attn_* class. The build_inp_s_* methods don't have this pattern

They do follow this pattern, see

llama.cpp/src/llama-graph.h

Line 190 in 7e00e60

class llm_graph_input_s_copy : public llm_graph_input_i {

(this is on the current master)

I think you might mean the build_attn_* methods also return instances of llm_graph_input_attn_*?
That seems to be directly related to llm_graph_context::build_attn() which has multiple implementations which differ by the type of the first argument (e.g. for llm_graph_input_attn_kv_unified, llm_graph_input_attn_no_cache, etc.)

Are there plans to refactor that further @compilade?

Not really, outside of removing s_mask (and related functions and classes) as part of #13834.

Would it be best to combine build_inp_s_copy with build_attn_inp_kv for hybrid so that models call just one "build inputs" function, or keep them separate for simplicity?

Personally, I think it would be simpler to keep them separate, because they are fundamentally different (one is intended to be used by build_copy_mask_state (renamed to build_recurrent_state in #13834), while the other is used by build_attn), and they are pretty much independent, even in hybrid models (at least for Jamba, the recurrent and self-attention layers are mostly independent on that front).

I don't see how build_attn would ever need s_copy.

build_inp_s_copy and build_inp_attn_kv_* are called once at the beginning of the graph, while build_attn and build_recurrent_state are called once per layer (where applicable, and so usually different layers for both).

3. Is there any reason [s_mask] might stick around past the merge of mamba2?

No reason to keep it, s_mask will be removed. Its functionality is redundant with s_copy, and otherwise prevents minimizing unnecessary state copies. It was used to clear the states, but the same can be done through inp_s_copy and clearing by copying a zero-ed state (which is the rs_z'th state in the mamba2 branch (and #13834)).

Thanks, that's super helpful! I was missing the distinction between build_attn_inp and build_attn which makes perfect sense.

Personally, I think it would be simpler to keep them separate

I agree on my personal gut feeling, so I'll go with this and see how it feels once complete.

Ok, I think this feels a lot cleaner now. For build_inp_s_copy, I opted to add an optional parameter so that the caller can take ownership of casting the cache state rather than duplicating the function into build_inp_s_copy_hybrid. That felt a little cleaner w.r.t. code reuse, but I'm happy to do a separate method if that's preferred.

It looks like there's one more place that will need changing in build_copy_mask_state (renamed to build_recurrent_state on mamba2). Similar to build_inp_s_copy, I think the cleanest way to do this for code reuse is to add an optional parameter that, if unset, will use the current logic of casting mstate.

compilade · 2025-06-02T20:07:00Z

src/llama-kv-cache-hybrid-recurrent.cpp

+        // TODO: will the recurrent cache be in an undefined state at this point?
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to prepare recurrent ubatches\n", __func__);


Yes, but that will be fixed in #13834

(Noting here in case this gets merged first so that I don't forget to update the comment)

src/llama-kv-cache-hybrid-recurrent.cpp

Also, split llama_model_is_recurrent into llm_arch_is_recurrent in llama-arch with llama_model_is_recurrent delegating to llm_arch_is_recurrent. The same split is done for hybird. This is needed because there are places where the llama_model has not yet been initialized but we need to check if the model is recurrent (specifically for the per-layer recurrent check array in hparams). Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

Branch: GraniteFour

…s in hparams Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

…l is recurrent Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

The implementation of the hybrid cache intentionally does not specify the types of the child caches, so there was a naming mismatch with these predicate functions that used "hybrid" to imply "hybrid recurrent." Branch: HybridCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

Branch: HybridCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

This follows the pattern in iswa where the two child caches are held explicitly to support the case where a model requires a single attention cache and a single recurrent cache where each layer uses exactly one of the caches. This is a rewrite of the more generic approach in the original hybrid cache PR: ggml-org#13276 Branch: HybridRecurrentCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

This includes a refactor of the create_memory logic to avoid needing to use the arch enum explicitly unless a model needs explicit cache instantiation logic beyond the standard logic for recurrent, hybrid, unified, and iswa. Branch: HybridRecurrentCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

Branch: HybridRecurrentCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

NOTE: I intentionally did not add support for s_mask since it will be going away soon Branch: HybridRecurrentCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

…lits in unified cache Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

…he interface Branch: HybridRecurrentCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

Branch: HybridRecurrentCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

gabe-l-hart · 2025-06-09T17:02:28Z

@ggerganov I've noticed that the Server tests are consistently failing on this branch, but I see them passing on other PRs (eg #14081). The failures seem to be around retried connections to /slots/0?action=restore (here). I've noticed a couple of things when trying to repro locally:

For all of the server tests, despite the health check ping loop, I need to manually inject a sleep after server.start() to get any of the tests to pass on my M3 Max 64GB, otherwise the first endpoint call will almost always return an unexpected result (invalid json, or 5xx error). To me, this speaks to the server reporting /health success before it's logically "ready." This is probably correct in that the server is healthy enough to take requests, but the tests are treating this as a readiness check which would indicate that the server is fully initialized which seems incorrect (similar to liveness vs readiness in kubernetes). I wasn't able to find any open issues related to this, so I'd be curious if there's a discussion somewhere of readiness vs liveness?
Once I do insert the manual sleep in test_slot_save_restore, the test passes locally for me. This speaks to some difference between my local system and the GH Action runners. I'm not familiar enough with the server code to know whether this would be caused by some kind of memory constraint, disk speed constraint, etc, but my guess would be something like slot1.bin not being fully written somehow. This wouldn't explain why it passes on other branches though. Any insight on the nature of these tests would be much appreciated as I try to debug!

This is an attempt to handle race conditions between /health returning OK and the other endpoints not returning successfully. ggml-org#13979 (comment) Branch: HybridRecurrentCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

gabe-l-hart · 2025-06-09T17:38:16Z

I've tried adding retry logic for all requests in 39a93b3 to work around the race between /health, but I'm not sure if this is just going to mask an underling issue.

ggerganov · 2025-06-09T19:38:31Z

The changes to the server tests should not be needed. Let's revert the commit for now and I'll investigate.

gabe-l-hart · 2025-06-09T20:14:12Z

@ggerganov Thanks, it looks like those changes didn't fix the failures anyway, so definitely not the right fix. I've reset them out and can open an issue with details of what I see locally

gabe-l-hart · 2025-06-09T20:56:10Z

Issue for follow up on /health race condition with tests: #14092

gabe-l-hart mentioned this pull request Jun 2, 2025

Hybrid recurrent cache #13904

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ggerganov reviewed Jun 3, 2025

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compilade reviewed Jun 3, 2025

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gabe-l-hart force-pushed the HybridRecurrentCache branch 6 times, most recently from 6cf35ff to ab918bb Compare June 6, 2025 15:38

gabe-l-hart added 18 commits June 9, 2025 10:05

feat: Add c++ side constants for attention layer indices hparam

897dce5

Branch: GraniteFour

feat: Add support for distinguishing recurrent vs non-recurrent layer…

eb6c979

…s in hparams Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

feat: Auto-fill hparams.recurrent_layer_arr based on whether the mode…

ba362dc

…l is recurrent Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

feat: Add layer filter to recurrent cache

e00e525

Branch: HybridCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

fix: Use per-layer sizing everywhere in kv caches

f0cb485

Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

fix: Fix wrong bool condition for split equal in hybrid cache

8cb41a9

Branch: HybridRecurrentCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

fix: Fix shift logic to defer to unified cache

980ae73

Branch: HybridRecurrentCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

feat: Support hybrid recurrent in llama-graph

31be8ae

NOTE: I intentionally did not add support for s_mask since it will be going away soon Branch: HybridRecurrentCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

fix: Fix logic for initializing inputs and attn layers for hybrid caches

2e9e969

Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

fix: Use @compilade's suggested fix for seq_id indexing with equal sp…

b576579

…lits in unified cache Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

fix: Update recurrent cache for changes to remove intermediate kv_cac…

c84f607

…he interface Branch: HybridRecurrentCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

fix: Fix status for init_update sig for recurrent cache state

ecaac6b

Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

fix: Add missing padding to n_ctx for hybrid cache construction

f69d82c

Branch: GraniteFour Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

fix: Update clear signature for data argument after rebase

60ca3ba

Branch: HybridRecurrentCache Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

gabe-l-hart force-pushed the HybridRecurrentCache branch from ab918bb to 60ca3ba Compare June 9, 2025 16:06

gabe-l-hart requested a review from ngxson as a code owner June 9, 2025 17:36

github-actions bot added examples python python script changes server labels Jun 9, 2025

gabe-l-hart force-pushed the HybridRecurrentCache branch from 39a93b3 to 60ca3ba Compare June 9, 2025 20:13

gabe-l-hart mentioned this pull request Jun 9, 2025

Misc. bug: Server tests /health race conditions #14092

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Hybrid recurrent cache #13979

Hybrid recurrent cache #13979

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		// TODO: will the recurrent cache be in an undefined state at this point?
		LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to prepare recurrent ubatches\n", __func__);

Hybrid recurrent cache #13979

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Hybrid recurrent cache #13979

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gabe-l-hart commented Jun 2, 2025

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