This is a Next.js project bootstrapped with create-next-app.

Getting Started

First, run the development server:

npm run dev
# or
yarn dev
# or
pnpm dev
# or
bun dev

Open http://localhost:3000 with your browser to see the result.

You can start editing the page by modifying app/page.tsx. The page auto-updates as you edit the file.

This project uses next/font to automatically optimize and load Geist, a new font family for Vercel.

Jupiter-Io Plasma Torus Animation

This project features a real-time 3D simulation of Jupiter's magnetosphere and the Io plasma torus, built with Three.js and React. The animation visualizes:

• Jupiter with a realistic texture and a tilted magnetic axis
• Io, Jupiter's innermost Galilean moon, orbiting the planet
• Volcanic eruptions from Io, emitting particles (sulfur dioxide and other materials)
• Plasma torus formation: particles become ionized and are trapped by Jupiter's magnetic field, forming a glowing ring
• Magnetic field lines and axis, showing the interaction between the plasma and Jupiter's field

The simulation uses a custom particle system to model plasma emission, ionization, and corotation with Jupiter's magnetic field. The code is in app/page.tsx and is fully interactive (rotate, zoom, pan).

Scientific References

• Thomas, N., et al. (2004) Structure and Properties of the Io Plasma Torus, Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere, 561-591
• Delamere, P. A., & Bagenal, F. (2003) Plasma Transport in the Io Plasma Torus, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 108(A7)
• Bagenal, F., et al. (2017) Chemistry of the Io Plasma Torus, Astrophysical Journal, 837(1)
• Frank, L. A., & Paterson, W. R. (2000) Io's Plasma Environment During the Galileo Mission, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(A7)

About the Jupiter-Io Plasma Torus

Jupiter's moon Io is the most volcanically active body in the solar system. Its volcanoes eject large amounts of sulfur dioxide and other materials into space. This material becomes ionized by solar radiation and electron collisions, forming a plasma. Jupiter's powerful, tilted magnetic field captures this plasma and forces it to corotate with the planet, creating a torus-shaped ring of charged particles around Jupiter's equator. This structure is known as the Io plasma torus and is a key feature of Jupiter's magnetosphere.

Learn More

To learn more about Next.js, take a look at the following resources:

• Next.js Documentation - learn about Next.js features and API.
• Learn Next.js - an interactive Next.js tutorial.

You can check out the Next.js GitHub repository - your feedback and contributions are welcome!

Deploy on Vercel

The easiest way to deploy your Next.js app is to use the Vercel Platform from the creators of Next.js.

Check out our Next.js deployment documentation for more details.