Fix bug preventing accurate reporting of dropped attribute count

sdk/common/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/internal/AttributesMap.java

@@ -18,6 +18,14 @@
  * A map with a fixed capacity that drops attributes when the map gets full, and which truncates
  * string and array string attribute values to the {@link #lengthLimit}.
  *
+ * <p>WARNING: In order to reduce memory allocation, this class extends {@link HashMap} when it
+ * would be more appropriate to delegate. The problem with extending is that we don't enforce that
+ * all {@link HashMap} methods for reading / writing data conform to the configured attribute
+ * limits. Therefore, it's easy to accidentally call something like {@link Map#putAll(Map)} or
+ * {@link Map#put(Object, Object)} and bypass the restrictions (see <a
+ * href="https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/issues/7135">#7135</a>). Callers MUST
+ * take care to only call methods from {@link AttributesMap}, and not {@link HashMap}.
+ *
  * <p>This class is internal and is hence not for public use. Its APIs are unstable and can change
  * at any time.
  */
@@ -44,13 +52,18 @@ public static AttributesMap create(long capacity, int lengthLimit) {
     return new AttributesMap(capacity, lengthLimit);
   }
 
-  /** Add the attribute key value pair, applying capacity and length limits. */
-  public <T> void put(AttributeKey<T> key, T value) {
+  /**
+   * Add the attribute key value pair, applying capacity and length limits. Callers MUST ensure the
+   * {@code value} type matches the type required by {@code key}.
+   */
+  @Override
+  @Nullable
+  public Object put(AttributeKey<?> key, Object value) {
     totalAddedValues++;
     if (size() >= capacity && !containsKey(key)) {
-      return;
+      return null;
     }
-    super.put(key, AttributeUtil.applyAttributeLengthLimit(value, lengthLimit));
+    return super.put(key, AttributeUtil.applyAttributeLengthLimit(value, lengthLimit));
   }
 
   /** Get the total number of attributes added, including those dropped for capcity limits. */

sdk/trace/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/SdkSpan.java

@@ -466,6 +466,7 @@ public ReadWriteSpan recordException(Throwable exception) {
   }
 
   @Override
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
   public ReadWriteSpan recordException(Throwable exception, Attributes additionalAttributes) {
     if (exception == null) {
       return this;

sdk/trace/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/SdkSpanTest.java

@@ -1277,6 +1277,21 @@ void recordException_additionalAttributes() {
             });
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void recordException_SpanLimits() {
+    SdkSpan span = createTestSpan(SpanLimits.builder().setMaxNumberOfAttributes(2).build());
+    span.recordException(
+        new IllegalStateException("error"),
+        Attributes.builder().put("key1", "value").put("key2", "value").build());
+
+    List<EventData> events = span.toSpanData().getEvents();
+    assertThat(events.size()).isEqualTo(1);
+    EventData event = events.get(0);
+    assertThat(event.getAttributes().size()).isEqualTo(2);
+    assertThat(event.getTotalAttributeCount()).isEqualTo(5);
+    assertThat(event.getTotalAttributeCount() - event.getAttributes().size()).isPositive();
+  }
+
   @Test
   void badArgsIgnored() {
     SdkSpan span = createTestRootSpan();
@@ -1519,7 +1534,9 @@ void testAsSpanData() {
     Resource resource = this.resource;
     Attributes attributes = TestUtils.generateRandomAttributes();
     AttributesMap attributesWithCapacity = AttributesMap.create(32, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
-    attributes.forEach(attributesWithCapacity::put);
+    attributes.forEach(
+        (attributeKey, object) ->
+            attributesWithCapacity.put((AttributeKey<Object>) attributeKey, object));
     Attributes event1Attributes = TestUtils.generateRandomAttributes();
     Attributes event2Attributes = TestUtils.generateRandomAttributes();
     SpanContext context =