Fix array_index_out_of_bounds_exception when indexing documents with field name containing only dot

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 - Fix constraint bug which allows more primary shards than average primary shards per index ([#14908](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/14908))
 - Fix missing value of FieldSort for unsigned_long ([#14963](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/14963))
 - Fix delete index template failed when the index template matches a data stream but is unused ([#15080](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/15080))
+- Fix array_index_out_of_bounds_exception when indexing documents with field name containing only dot ([#15126](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/15126))
 
 ### Security
 

rest-api-spec/src/main/resources/rest-api-spec/test/index/120_field_name.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+"Index documents with field name containing only dot fail with an IllegalArgumentException":
+  - skip:
+      version: " - 2.99.99"
+      reason: "introduced in 3.0.0"
+
+  - do:
+      indices.create:
+        index:    test_1
+
+  - do:
+      catch: /field name cannot contain only dot/
+      index:
+        index:   test_1
+        id:      1
+        body:    {
+          .: bar
+        }
+
+  - do:
+      catch: /field name cannot contain only dot/
+      index:
+        index:   test_1
+        id:      1
+        body:    {
+          ..: bar
+        }
+
+  - do:
+      catch: /field name cannot contain only dot/
+      index:
+        index:   test_1
+        id:      1
+        body:    {
+          foo: {
+            .: bar
+          }
+        }

server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/mapper/DocumentParser.java

@@ -206,6 +206,9 @@ private static MapperParsingException wrapInMapperParsingException(SourceToParse
     private static String[] splitAndValidatePath(String fullFieldPath) {
         if (fullFieldPath.contains(".")) {
             String[] parts = fullFieldPath.split("\\.");
+            if (parts.length == 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("field name cannot contain only dot");
+            }
             for (String part : parts) {
                 if (Strings.hasText(part) == false) {
                     // check if the field name contains only whitespace

server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/mapper/DocumentParserTests.java

@@ -1700,6 +1700,38 @@ public void testDynamicFieldsStartingAndEndingWithDot() throws Exception {
         );
     }
 
+    public void testDynamicFieldsWithOnlyDot() throws Exception {
+        DocumentMapper mapper = createDocumentMapper(mapping(b -> {}));
+
+        MapperParsingException e = expectThrows(MapperParsingException.class, () -> mapper.parse(source(b -> {
+            b.startArray("top");
+            {
+                b.startObject();
+                {
+                    b.startObject("inner").field(".", 2).endObject();
+                }
+                b.endObject();
+            }
+            b.endArray();
+        })));
+
+        assertThat(e.getCause(), notNullValue());
+        assertThat(e.getCause().getMessage(), containsString("field name cannot contain only dot"));
+
+        e = expectThrows(
+            MapperParsingException.class,
+            () -> mapper.parse(source(b -> { b.startObject("..").field("foo", 2).endObject(); }))
+        );
+
+        assertThat(e.getCause(), notNullValue());
+        assertThat(e.getCause().getMessage(), containsString("field name cannot contain only dot"));
+
+        e = expectThrows(MapperParsingException.class, () -> mapper.parse(source(b -> b.field(".", "1234"))));
+
+        assertThat(e.getCause(), notNullValue());
+        assertThat(e.getCause().getMessage(), containsString("field name cannot contain only dot"));
+    }
+
     public void testDynamicFieldsEmptyName() throws Exception {
 
         DocumentMapper mapper = createDocumentMapper(mapping(b -> {}));