Update Ubuntu Noble AMIs

[rpoyner-tri]

In #22951 , the install_prereqs changed, for Ubuntu Noble only. Please re-bake new Ubuntu Noble Provisioned AMIs for CI and deploy them.

[tyler-yankee]

As discussed earlier, we'll also coordinate this update with #23100.

[tyler-yankee]

Also incorporate the changes in #23124.

[tyler-yankee]

@jwnimmer-tri @rpoyner-tri The new Noble provisioned image has the prereqs from master, 22951 (mold), and 23124 (clang-19), so nothing should be breaking to transition to the new images.